Dependency Tracking

One of the biggest features of rapids-cmake is that it can track dependencies ( find_package, cpm ), allowing projects to easily generate <project>-config.cmake files with correct dependency requirements. In a normal CMake project, public dependencies need to be recorded in two locations: the original CMakeLists.txt file and the generated <project>-config.cmake. This dual source of truth increases developer burden, and adds a common source of error.

rapids-cmake is designed to remove this dual source of truth by expanding the concept of Modern CMake Usage Requirements to include external packages. This is done via the BUILD_EXPORT_SET ( maps to <BUILD_INTERFACE> ) and INSTALL_EXPORT_SET ( maps to <INSTALL_INTERFACE> ) keywords on commands such as rapids_find_package() and rapids_cpm_find(). Let’s go over an example of how these come together to make dependency tracking for projects easy.

rapids_find_package(Threads REQUIRED
  BUILD_EXPORT_SET example-targets
  INSTALL_EXPORT_SET example-targets
  )
rapids_cpm_find(nlohmann_json 3.9.1
  BUILD_EXPORT_SET example-targets
  )

add_library(example src.cpp)
target_link_libraries(example
  PUBLIC Threads::Threads
    $<BUILD_INTERFACE:nlohmann_json::nlohmann_json>
  )
install(TARGETS example
  DESTINATION lib
  EXPORT example-targets
  )

set(doc_string [=[Provide targets for the example library.]=])
rapids_export(INSTALL example
  EXPORT_SET example-targets
  NAMESPACE example::
  DOCUMENTATION doc_string
  )
rapids_export(BUILD example
  EXPORT_SET example-targets
  NAMESPACE example::
  DOCUMENTATION doc_string
  )

Tracking find_package

rapids_find_package(Threads REQUIRED
  BUILD_EXPORT_SET example-targets
  INSTALL_EXPORT_SET example-targets
  )

The rapids_find_package(<PackageName>) combines the find_package command and dependency tracking. This example records that the Threads package is required by both the export set example-targets for both the install and build configuration.

This means that when rapids_export() is called the generated example-config.cmake file will include the call find_dependency(Threads), removing the need for developers to maintain that dual source of truth.

The rapids_find_package(<PackageName>) command also supports non-required finds correctly. In those cases rapids-cmake only records the dependency when the underlying find_package command is successful.

It is common for projects to have dependencies for which CMake doesn’t have a Find<Package>. In those cases projects will have a custom Find<Package> that they need to use, and install for consumers. Rapids-cmake tries to help projects simplify this process with the commands rapids_find_generate_module() and rapids_export_package().

The rapids_find_generate_module() allows projects to automatically generate a Find<Package> and encode via the BUILD_EXPORT_SET and INSTALL_EXPORT_SET parameters when the generated module should also be installed and added to CMAKE_MODULE_PATH so that consumers can use it.

If you already have an existing Find<Package> written, rapids_export_package() simplifies the process of installing the module and making sure it is part of CMAKE_MODULE_PATH for consumers.

Tracking CPM

rapids_cpm_find(nlohmann_json 3.9.1
  BUILD_EXPORT_SET example-targets
  )

The rapids_cpm_find() combines the CPMFindPackage() command and dependency tracking, in a very similar way to rapids_find_package(). In this example what we are saying is that nlohmann_json is only needed by the build directory example-config and not needed by the installed example-config. While this pattern is rare, it occurs when projects have some dependencies that aren’t needed by consumers but are propagated through the usage requirements inside a project via $<BUILD_INTERFACE>. Why use a build directory config file at all? The most common reason is that developers need to work on multiple dependent projects in a fast feedback loop. In that case this workflow avoids having to re-install a project each time a change needs to be tested in a dependent project.

When used with BUILD_EXPORT_SET, rapids_cpm_find() will generate a CPMFindPackage(<PackageName> ...) call, and when used with INSTALL_EXPORT_SET it will generate a find_dependency(<PackageName> ...) call. The theory behind this is that most packages currently don’t have great build config.cmake support so it is best to have a fallback to cpm, while it is expected that all CMake packages have install rules. If this isn’t the case for a CPM package you can instead use rapids_export_cpm(), and rapids_export_package() to specify the correct generated commands and forgo using [BUILD|INSTALL]_EXPORT_SET.

Generating example-config.cmake

set(doc_string [=[Provide targets for the example library.]=])
rapids_export(INSTALL example
  EXPORT_SET example-targets
  NAMESPACE example::
  DOCUMENTATION doc_string
  )
rapids_export(BUILD example
  EXPORT_SET example-targets
  NAMESPACE example::
  DOCUMENTATION doc_string
  )

Before rapids-cmake, if a project wanted to generate a config module they would follow the example in the cmake-packages docs and use install(EXPORT), export(EXPORT), write_basic_package_version_file, and a custom config.cmake.in file.

The goal of rapids_export() is to replace all the boilerplate with an easy to use function that also embeds the necessary dependency calls collected by BUILD_EXPORT_SET and INSTALL_EXPORT_SET.

rapids_export() uses CMake best practises to generate all the necessary components of a project config file. It handles generating a correct version file, finding dependencies and all the other boilerplate necessary to make well-behaved CMake config files. Moreover, the files generated by rapids_export() are completely standalone with no dependency on rapids-cmake.